Gambaran Klinis dan Spektrum Gangguan Pernapasan pada Ibu Hamil dan Peripartum di Rumah Sakit Rujukan Tersier

Clinical Features and Spectrum of Respiratory Disorders in Pregnant and Peripartum Women in a Tertiary Referral Hospital

Abstract

Physiological respiratory changes during pregnancy frequently cause symptoms such as dyspnea and cough, which may obscure the diagnosis of underlying pulmonary diseases. Although respiratory illness during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, comprehensive data describing the spectrum of respiratory diseases encountered during pregnancy and the peripartum period remain limited. This retrospective observational study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and spectrum of respiratory diseases among pregnant and peripartum women treated in a tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia between June 2024 until December 2025. The data collected included demographic characteristics, gestational age at diagnosis, obstetric history, presenting symptoms, comorbidities, smoking status, and final respiratory diagnoses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the clinical characteristics and disease distribution. A total of 190 patients were included, with most diagnoses occurring during the antepartum period (86.3%), predominantly in the third trimester (66.3%). The most common presenting symptoms were cough (44.7%) and breathlessness (41.6%). Asthma was the most frequent diagnosis (40.0%), followed by acute respiratory infections (14.7%), pneumonia (12.6%) and rhinitis (12.6%). Tuberculosis (5.3%), bronchitis (3.1%), and pulmonary edema (1.0%) were less common but clinically significant. Most patients were non-smokers (96.8%), and major comorbidities were infrequent. Respiratory diseases diagnosed during pregnancy and the peripartum period encompass a broad clinical spectrum, with asthma and respiratory infections being predominant. Given the diagnostic overlap with physiological pregnancy-related symptoms and the potential for adverse outcomes, heightened clinical vigilance, early evaluation, and multidisciplinary management are essential to optimize maternal and fetal care in such cases.